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īudiman, Arief and Damien Kingsbury, eds. “The Trials of President Wahid.” Southeast Asian Affairs: 145–58. Clayton: Monash University Asia Institute.īudiman, Arief.

Nahdlatul Ulama, Traditional Islam and Modernity in Indonesia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.īarton, Greg, and Greg Fealy, eds. Abdurrahman Wahid: Muslim Democrats, Indonesian President. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.īarton, Greg. Mengungkap Politik Kartel: Studi tentang Sistem Kepartaian di Indonesia Era Reformasi. Ohio State University, Columbus.Īmbardi, Kuskridho. “The Making of Indonesian Multiparty System: A Cartelized Party System and Its Origin.” Ph.D Dissertation. Ithaca: Cornell University Southeast Asia Program, 101–21. “Popular Agency and Interests in Indonesia’s Democratic Transitions and Consolidation.” In Beyond Oligarchy: Wealth Power, and Contemporary Indonesian Politics, eds. “The Irony of Success.” Journal of Democracy 21 (2): 20–34.Īspinall, Edward. Canberra: ANU Press, 99–118.Īspinall, Edward. “The Habibie Presidency: Catapulting Towards Reform.” In Soeharto’s New Order and its Legacy: Essays in Honour of Harold Crouch, eds. However, the political bickering and blatant competition over state resources for the election campaign in 2004 underlying Indonesia’s former government led to a setback in several governance reform areas, including judicial reform.Īnwar, Dewi Fortuna.

This paper argues that there was a valuable opportunity to push for further governance reforms and a bolder anti-corruption drive, as there was a legitimate political top leadership stemming from the free-and-fair election in 1999 embodied in the appointment of Gus Dur and Megawati Soekarnoputri as president and vice president, respectively, by the Consultative People Assembly (MPR). This paper attempts to evaluate the governance reform and anti-corruption measures in 1999–2001. There were high hopes that Gus Dur, after being appointed by the People Consultative Assembly (MPR) in 1999, would bring significant governance reform and more progressive anti-corruption measures for the first time because two top leaders (Gus Dur and Megawati) were from the opposition in the New Order era.